There's a tragic news story in southern California that has me very conflicted about how to improve the U.S. Health Care system. For those of you smart enough to find the story on the Internet, you'll understand
in part why I am conflicted about the story and whether I should even make this post.
The highlight of the story is that a teenage girl with leukemia received a bone marrow transplant, developed complications, her liver failed, and she sadly passed away. A tragic step within this story is that on December 14th, six days before the girl died, a liver was available for a transplant. However, the girl's insurance refused to cover the cost of the liver, though I am not exactly sure why the insurance company made this decision. Obviously, I'm no expert here regarding why this treatment is too experimental, but perhaps the girl would be alive today if she had received that liver transplant.
After a series of public protests and appeals by the hospital, nurses, and the girl's family, the insurance company had a change of heart and made a one-time exception five days after the initial denial. Unfortunately, the original liver had already been given to a different patient and the girl died before another liver was available.
The one-year survival rate for liver transplants in the U.S. is a strong 85%, but that figure is probably much lower for someone also suffering from leukemia since the drugs needed after a transplant to suppress the immune system would not help the battle the body is already fighting against leukemia. The insurance company had already paid several hundred thousand dollars for other treatment, but balked at the >$250k tab for a liver transplant that was not guaranteed to be successful. The hospital also declined to perform the procedure and appeal for reimbursement at a later time or do it for free.
Understandably, the insurance company that denied the cost of the claim is getting a bunch of bad press. Much of it is probably deserved. The girl's family has already sued and also wants criminal charges pressed, though I have no idea how you can charge a corporation with murder.
We can all sit here and point the finger of blame squarely at the insurance company in question, but this issue is far more complex. We can also make a lame effort to defend the insurance company and argue that the hospital could have done the transplant anyway when there was opportunity. Furthermore, we could argue that it was irresponsible for doctors to try and put a teenage girl with leukemia through a liver transplant when there are other patients in need of a liver with a much better hope of survival. However, all of the arguments miss the point here.
In defense of insurance companies, these decisions are not made based solely on dollars and cents. Insurance companies employ doctors and nurses to evaluate cases like this. They have to. Insurance companies would be deservedly sued into bankruptcy if accountants had veto power over the doctors who are treating the patients. Unfortunately, some cases are considered 'experimental' because they simply have not been performed enough to assess their effectiveness. It's hard to innovate without practical application of new techniques, and allowing insurance companies a voice in this decision is dubious, regardless of whether the insurance companies are deferring these decisions to doctors and nurses not directly involved with the patient. It's a huge conflict of interest unless the insurance company refers these decisions to an independent and accepted third party!!
The real question is how can the U.S. identify ways to control medical costs, provide universal access to health care, provide incentive to develop new technologies, and operate an efficient system? Other countries have tried to tackle some of these issues, but no one seems capable of addressing all of these issues successfully. The U.S. system relies on private insurance companies to tackle all four issues, but it's clearly imperfect since there are always puts and takes across those four major goals, especially when you add that private insurance carriers ultimately answer to their shareholders. A private system cannot possibly succeed if forced to insure everyone at an affordable price. However, if the government tried to develop an affordable approach to provide universal access to health care, there would likely be significant rationing of health care and ultimately less innovation and efficiency and deterioration relative to the current system (i.e. Canada). Also, does anyone actually think that the government can administer anything efficiently?
Unfortunately, that leaves us in a very precarious situation today. The more that private insurance companies are controlled via regulations that take away their decision making ability (i.e., controlling the rates they can charge), the more everyone will suffer through higher costs. However, treatment decisions should be left between the doctor and patient. When the costs and stakes are so high, it's hard for the private health care system to satisfy all parties (how does one set a $ value on a human life??).
Obviously I have no answer to this problem, and I am somewhat biased since I have a personal stake in this topic. I understand how/why the private sector can add value here with the help of commonly accepted information and tools, but the private sector will ultimately fail to provide access to all Americans, regardless of how well they can control costs, spur innovation, and operate efficiently.
The 2008 election has the potential to result in drastic changes to the current system, regardless of which political party takes the White House. The major difference is whether the current private system will be a focal point or a casualty of a solution.
In the meantime, we'll probably be hearing a lot of references the girl that died from leukemia and the flaws of the current health care system.